Dopaminergic agents: back to the basics – a small review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18231/2348-0335.2017.0008Keywords:
Parkinson’s, Levodopa, Carbidopa, Combination therapy of levodopa and Carbidopa, treatment of Parkinson’sAbstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The motor system is eventually damaged which affects the voluntary movements in a patient. It leads to the death of vital nerve cells in the brain. Women have lesser prevalence due to the hormone called Estrogen which has been playing a significant role in human body. Most of the treatments focus on the balance of Dopamine in the brain which is done with the help of levodopa but the side effects seen in the patients were mild nausea, loss of appetite, heart burn, diarrhea, and many more. The cause of the disease is still unknown but its occurrence is mainly because of genetic and environmental factors. This review focuses on the combination therapy of levodopa and Carbidopa to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
Downloads
References
Tripathi K. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5th ed. New Delhi:: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 2003.
Lazzara C, Riley R, Rane A et al. The combination of lithium and l-Dopa/Carbidopa reduces MPTP-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) via calpain-1 inhibition in a mouse model: Relevance for Parkinson׳s disease therapy. Brain Research 2015;1622:127-136.
Davie C. A review of Parkinson's disease. British Medical Bulletin 2008;86:109-127
DeMaagd G, Phillip A. Parkinson’s Disease and Its Management Part 1: Disease Entity, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis. Pharmacy and Therapeutics 2015;40:504-532
Esterson Y, Carey M, Boucai L et al. Central Regulation of Glucose Production May Be Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2016;65:2569-2579.
Why is Carbidopa Added to Levodopa (i.e., L-Dopa; Sinemet; Sinemet CR) for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease?. Ebmconsult.com. 2017.https://www.ebmconsult.com/articles/carbidopa-levodopa-parkinson-disease (accessed 7 Nov 2017).
Machado A, Zaidan H, Paixão A et al. Feature visualization and classification for the discrimination between individuals with Parkinson’s disease under levodopa and DBS treatments. BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2016;15
Robertson D, Wood N, Everest H et al. The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa administered alone and in the presence of carbidopa. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology1989;28:61-69.
Vinall M, Dubow J. Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Shows Promise in Advanced Parkinson Disease. MD Conference Express 2015;15:11-11
Aquilonius S, Nyholm D. Development of new levodopa treatment strategies in Parkinson’s disease—from bedside to bench to bedside. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 2017;122:71-77.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2020 Neha Sharma, Meenal Rane, Shaikh Gulam Moin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
