Investigating phytochemical diversity and antioxidant richness of Moringa oleifera in Tamil Nadu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v12i6.710Keywords:
Antioxidant, Gallic Acid, Moringa, Quercetin, RutinAbstract
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam., widely known as ‘The Tree of Life’, is a medicinal tree native to India and extensively grown in tropical regions worldwide. In India, Tamil Nadu is the leading state, engaging an area of 20684 hectares in the production of moringa. In South India, moringa is extensively utilized as a vegetable for its exquisite taste and flavor in sambar and curry preparation. Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of leaves from the Tamil Nadu region and simultaneous estimation of quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid contents in moringa leaf extracts from the Tamil Nadu region via HPTLC analysis was carried out. DPPH assay was performed to determine the antioxidant potential. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the triple maceration of moringa leaves possesses high amounts of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids and polyphenols. Each gram of the extract contained 1650.401 µg of quercetin, 1136.950 µg of rutin, and 220.223 µg of gallic acid. The IC50 value of the extract was calculated to be 36.10 µg/ml. Conclusion: The extract from the leaves of the moringa plant grown in the Tamil Nadu region contains a good amount of phytoconstituents and also possesses good antioxidant activity comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid, suggesting its potential use as an antioxidant agent. The findings of the present study support the traditional use of the folklore plant for improving health.
Downloads
References
Sudha R, Philip XC, Suriyakumari K. Phytochemical constituents of leaves of Moringa oleifera grow in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Basic Clin Appl Health Sci, 3(4), 164–7 (2020) https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-02270 .
Balasubramaniam D, Easwaran RS. Economics of production of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) in Tamil Nadu. Int J Farm Sci, 9(4), 112-8 (2019) http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2019.00105.8.
Dahiya S, Garg M. Potential of nutritious Indian medicinal plants to boost immunity in the aftermath of pandemics: A SWOC analysis. Recent Progress in Nutrition, 4(1), 1-20 (2024) https://doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2401004.
Mohammadhosseini M, Venditti A, Akbarzadeh A. The genus Perovskia Kar.: Ethnobotany, chemotaxonomy and phytochemistry: A review. Toxin Rev, 40, 484–505 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2019.1691013 .
Ahlawat S, Budhwar V, Choudhary M. Enhancement of curcumin’s physicochemical properties by developing its eutectic mixtures. J Appl Pharm Res, 12(1), 71-81 (2024) https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2024.12.1.71.81.
Basak A, Ghosh S, Ganguly D, Garain S, Ghosh R, Choudhury A, Deka H, Sarmah J. Current trends and future perspectives of natural polymer loaded nanoparticle based drug delivery system for the management of inflammatory bowel disease . J Appl Pharm Res, 11(4), 1-9 (2023) https://doi.org/10.18231/j.joapr.2023.11.4.1.9.
Meena P, Saraswathi T, Manikanda Boopathi N, Pugalendhi L. Diversity analysis of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) genotypes using DUS descriptors. Electron J Plant Breed, 12(3), 949–55 (2021) https://doi.org/10.37992/2021.1203.131 .
Balaguru P, Sathiyamurthy VA, Janavi GJ, Santha S. Variability in perennial moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) genotypes for quantitative and qualitative traits. Electron J Plant Breed, 11(02), 515-20 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37992/2020.1102.087.
Fachriyaha E, Kusrinia D, Haryanto IB. Phytochemical test, determination of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of moringa. J Kim Sains Apl, 23(8), 290-4 (2020) https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.8.290-294 .
Gómez-Martínez M, Ascacio-Valdés JA, Flores-Gallegos AC, González-Domínguez J, Gómez-Martínez S, Aguilar CN, Morlett-Chávez JA, Rodríguez-Herrera R. Location and tissue effects on phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera. Ind Crops Prod, 151, 112439 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112439 .
Vongsak B, Sithisarn P, Mangmool S, Thongpraditchote S, Wongkrajang Y, Gritsanapan W. Maximizing total phenolics, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by the appropriate extraction method. Ind Crops Prod, 44, 566-71 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.09.021 .
Kashaninejad M, Blanco B, Benito-Román O, Beltrán S, Mehdi Niknam S, Sanz MT. Maximizing the freeze-dried extract yield by considering the solvent retention index: Extraction kinetics and characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts. Food Bioprod Process, 130, 132-42 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2021.09.008 .
Fernandes Â, Bancessi A, Pinela J, Dias MI, Liberal Â, Calhelha RC, Ćirić A, Soković M, Catarino L, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L. Nutritional and phytochemical profiles and biological activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. edible parts from Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). Food Chem, 341, 128229-41 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128229 .
Tagrida M, Benjakul S. Betel (Piper betle L.) leaf ethanolic extracts dechlorophyllized using different methods: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and application for shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets. RSC Adv, 11, 17630-41 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02464g .
Bhalla N, Ingle N, Patri SV, Haranath D. Phytochemical analysis of Moringa oleifera leaves extracts by GC-MS and free radical scavenging potency for industrial applications. Saudi J Biol Sci, 28(12), 6915-28 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.075 .
Thomas A, Kanakdhar A, Shirsat A, Deshkar S, Kothapalli L. A high performance thin layer chromatographic method using a design of experiment approach for estimation of phytochemicals in extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves. Turk J Pharm Sci, 17, 148–58 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.80958 .
Borman P, Elder D. Q2(R1) Validation of Analytical Procedures. ICH Quality Guidelines, 5, 127–66 (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118971147.
Mwamatope B, Tembo D, Chikowe I, Kampira E, Nyirenda C. Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Senna singueana, Melia azedarach, Moringa oleifera and Lannea discolor herbal plants. Sci Afr, 9, e00481 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00481 .
Dwivedi SD, Singh D, Singh MR. A Piper nigrum based zinc oxide nanoparticles for anti-arthritic and antioxidant activity.J Appl Pharm Res, 12(5), 51-59 (2024) https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v12i5.727.
Sharma S, Bhuyan NR, Mohanty JP. A pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and antioxidant potential of Oxalis triangularis. J Appl Pharm Res, 12(5), 133-45 (2024) https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v12i5.701.
Ibrahim ME, Alqurashi RM, Alfaraj FY. Antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera and olive Olea europaea L. leaf powders and extracts on quality and oxidation stability of chicken burgers. Antioxidants, 11(3), 496 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030496 .
Gupta M, Singh N, Gulati M, Gupta R, Sudhakar K, Kapoor B. Herbal bioactives in treatment of inflammation: An overview. S Afr J Bot, 143, 205-25 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.07.027 .
Bharath B, Perinbam K, Devanesan S, AlSalhi MS, Saravanan M. Evaluation of the anticancer potential of hexadecanoic acid from brown algae Turbinaria ornata on HT–29 colon cancer cells. J Mol Struct, 1235, 130229 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130229 .
Lavanya M, Selvam K, Prakash P, Shivaswamy MS. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanolic leaf extract of Breynia vitis-idaea using in vitro and in silico techniques. Process Biochem, 136, 156-68 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2023.11.032 .
Chen X, Li H, Zhang B, Deng Z. The synergistic and antagonistic antioxidant interactions of dietary phytochemical combinations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 62(20), 5658-77 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1888693 .
Qi W, Qi W, Xiong D, Long M. Quercetin: Its antioxidant mechanism, antibacterial properties and potential application in prevention and control of toxipathy. Molecules, 27, 6545 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196545 .
Gęgotek A, Ambrożewicz E, Jastrząb A, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Skrzydlewska E. Rutin and ascorbic acid cooperation in antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect on human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB radiation. Arch Dermatol Res, 311, 203-19 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-019-01898-w .
Choi SS, Park HR, Lee KA. A comparative study of rutin and rutin glycoside: Antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, effect on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. Antioxidants, 10, 1696 (2021) https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111696 .
Delfanian M, Sahari MA, Barzegar M, Ahmadi Gavlighi HA. Structure–antioxidant activity relationships of gallic acid and phloroglucinol. J Food Meas Charact, 15, 5036–46 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-021-01045-y .
Einafshar S, Rohani A, Sabeghi Y, Tavassoli-kafrani MH, Farhoosh R, Gandomzadeh D. Unveiling the power of bene (Pistacia atlantica) hull scum: Boosting oxidative stability with methanolic extract and ferrous ions. Food Chem, 142142 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142142 .
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Sanju Dahiya, Munish Garg
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
