Investigation of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial sensitivity of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leave extracts against morbific micro-organisms

O I Ogidi; P. S.  Tobia; D. N.  Ijere; U. M.  Akpan; O.  Omu; H. E.  Carbom; A. R.  Iyosayi

doi:10.18231/J.JOAPR.2020.21.28

Authors

O. I. Ogidi Department of Biochemistry, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa State
P. S. Tobia Department of Microbiology, Federal polytechnic, Ekowe, Bayelsa State
D. N. Ijere Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State
U. M. Akpan Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa state
O. Omu Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa state
H. E. Carbom Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa state
A. R. Iyosayi Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ekowe, Bayelsa state

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18231/J.JOAPR.2020.21.28

Keywords:

Bioactive compounds, antimicrobial sensitivity, Carica papaya, Morbific microorganisms, Extracts

Abstract

Pawpaw (Carica papaya) is a notable plant due to its medicinal benefits used globally to treat diseases which include dengue, malaria, inflammation, and skin infections. This study was aimed at investigating the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial sensitivity of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) leave extracts against morbific micro-organisms. The bioactive compounds of C. papaya leaves were analyzed using Chemical Standard techniques as reported in literatures and antimicrobial assay was done using agar well diffusion techniques. Qualitative phytochemical screening results of pawpaw leaves shows the presence of glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and terpenoids. The antimicrobial sensitivity result reveals higher zones of inhibition of methanolic extract against Staphylococcus sp (11.4±0.3 mm), Vibrio sp (10.3±0.2 mm), E. coli (9.7±0.3 mm), Shigella sp (9.1±0.3 mm), Yeast (9.1±0.3 mm) and Penicillium sp (8.3±0.4 mm). While aqueous extract shows higher zone of inhibition against Mould (8.0±0.5 mm). This study revealed pawpaw leaves contains secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds) while the antimicrobial sensitivity against the microorganisms explains the possibility of using the leaves as antibiotic substances (antimicrobial agents). Therefore, pawpaw leaves could be a significant source of medicine for the treatment of various fungal and bacterial infections.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Kafaru E. Immense Help from Nature’s Workshop. Elika Health Services Ltd, Academic Press Plc. Lagos, Nigeria, 1–27 (1994)

Alorkpa EJ, Nathaniel OB, Mercy B, Selina AS. Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of assorted Carica papaya leaves in Ghana. Journal of Medicinal Plant Studies, 4(6), 193- 198 (2016)

Danjuma AB, Osuagbalende AJ. Comparative phytochemical screening of three medicinal plant leaves. International Journal of Applied Science and Mathematical Theory, 2(3), 1-7 (2016)

Hill R. The Elastic Behaviour of a Crystalline Aggregate. Proc. Phys. Soc. A65, 349 (1952)

Mbojikwe LO. The Identification and Structural Characterisation of the Active Acaricidal Principle in the Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Adenium obesum. NVRI SEMINAR SERIES pp.7-9 (2004)

Miladi K, Safar S, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Nano precipitation Process: from particle precipitation to in vivo Applications. International J Pharm, 445(1-2), 181-195 (2016)

Ogidi OI, Okiemute O, Precious AE. Ethno pharmacologically active Components of Brassica Juncea (Brown Mustard) Seeds. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and development, 1(1), 09-13 (2019).

Ogidi OI, Oguoma LMO, Adigwe PC, Anthony BB. Phytochemical Properties and In-vitro Antimicrobial Potency of Wild Edible Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) obtained from Yenagoa, Nigeria. J Phytopharmacol, 10(3), 180-184 (2021)

Saravanasingh K, Ramamurthy M, Parthiban P. Analysis of phytochemical constituents and Antimicrobial activity of Carica papaya. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci, 3(2), 329-334 (2016)

Yogiraj V, Pradeep KG, Chetan SC. Carica papaya Linn: an overview. Int J Herbal Med, 2(5), 1–8 (2014)

Aruljothi S, Uma C, Sivagurunathan P, Bhuvaneswari M. Investigation on antibacterial activity of Carica papaya leaf extracts against wound infection causing bacteria. Int J Res Stud Biosci, 2(11), 8–12 (2014)

Desmarchelier C, Bermudez MJN, Coussio J, Ciccia G, Boveris A Antioxidant and prooxidant activities in aqueous extract of argentine plants. Int J Pharmacogn, 35, 116–120 (1997)

Takao T. A simple screening method for antioxidants and isolation of several antioxidants produced by marine bacteria from fish and shellfish. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 58(10), 1780–1783 (1994)

Omidiwura BRO. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaf extract and its antimicrobial effect in animal production. Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 44(3), 78 – 83 (2017)

Shimada T. Salivary proteins as a defense against dietary tannins. Journal Of Chemical Ecology, 32(6), 1149-1163 (2006)

Parekh J, Chanda S. In vitro antibacterial activity of crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz flower (Lythacease) Brazil. Journal of Microbiology, 38(3), 2 (2007)

Dharmananda S. Gallnuts and the uses of Tannins in Chinese Medicine. In: Proceedings of Institute for Traditional Medicine, Portland, Oregon, (2003)

Just MJ, Recio MC, Giner RM, Cueller MJ, Manez S, Bilia AR, Rios JL. Anti-inflammatory activity of unusual lupine saponins from Bupleurum fruticescens. Plant Medicine, 64(2), 404-407 (1998)

Ogidi OI, Mike NA, Patricia UE, Omu O, Chinaza EO. Determination of Phytoconstituents and Antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, 2(2), 60-67 (2021)

Ali M, Yahaya A, Zage AU, Yusuf ZM. Invitro antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of Psidium guajavaon some enteric bacterial isolates of public health importance. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Domain, 12(3), 1-7 (2017)

Akinpelu DA, Kolowole DO. Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of Piliostigma thonningii (schum.) Sci. focus J, 7, 64-70 (2004)

Ogidi OI, Peter C, Ahamefula II, Patricia UE, Timierepamo NC. Preliminary phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potentials of white-green African garden egg (Solanum macrocarpon) fruits obtained from Yenagoa. ASIO Journal of Pharmaceutical & Herbal Medicines Research (ASIO-JPHMR), 7(2), 01-05 (2021)

Ogidi OI, Chioma CO, Udeme MA, Mike N. Ayebabogha and Chidinma J. Onukwufo. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Bioactive Phytochemical Properties of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Stem-Bark Extracts. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 8(5), 189-195 (2021)

Ogidi OI, Julius JC. Assessment of Ethno-pharmacological Compounds and Antimicrobial efficacy of white Onion (Allium cepa) Bulb Extracts against Pathogenic microbial isolates. PhytoChem & BioSub Journal, 15(2), 167-174 (2021)