Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of Syzygium diospyrifolium (Wall.Ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra: A medicinal plant from Meghalaya, India

Amaryllis  Langbang; Manas Jyoti  Kapil; Neelakshi  Sharma; Jayashree  Majumdar; Probin Phanjom

doi:10.69857/joapr.v13i5.1565

Authors

Amaryllis Langbang Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Life Science, Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia, Guwahati, India
Manas Jyoti Kapil Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia, Sonapur, Assam, 782402, India
Neelakshi Sharma Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Department of Pharmacognosy, Guwahati, India
Jayashree Majumdar Assam downtown University, Guwahati, India
Probin Phanjom Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Life Science, Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia, Guwahati, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69857/joapr.v13i5.1565

Keywords:

Syzygium diospyrifolium (Wall.ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra, Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity, GC-MS, nutraceutical, methanol extract

Abstract

Background: Syzygium diospyrifolium (Wall.ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra is a traditionally valued but underexplored medicinal plant from Meghalaya, India. This study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, and GC–MS profile of its fruit and leaf extracts to explore their therapeutic prospects. Methods: Methanol and ethanol extracts of the fruits and leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Percentage yields were determined, and qualitative phytochemical screening identified secondary metabolites. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were quantified spectrophotometrically, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays. GC–MS analysis identified bioactive compounds. All experiments were performed in triplicate (n=3), and results were expressed as mean ± SD with significance at p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test). Results: Methanol extracts yielded higher percentages (fruit: 15.2% w/w; leaf: 14.4% w/w) than ethanol extracts. Both extracts contained alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, amino acids, and diterpenes. Fruits exhibited higher TPC (52.23 mg GAE/g) and TFC (152 mg QE/g) than leaves (26.96 mg GAE/g; 96.86 mg QE/g; p < 0.05). Antioxidant assays showed stronger activity in fruits (DPPH IC₅₀: 133.95 µg/mL) than leaves (215.11 µg/mL). GC–MS analysis identified sugars, fatty acid amides, sterols, terpenoids, and phenolic derivatives, including DL-Arabinose, D-Allose, and 13-Docosenamide (Z), reported for the first time. Conclusion: This first GC-MS-based phytochemical profiling of S. diospyrifolium (Wall.ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra reveals its fruits as rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds with significant antioxidant potential, supporting its promise for nutraceutical and phytopharmaceutical applications

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